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  2. 《金属季报》——基本金属、贵金属、铁矿石及钢铁的综合分析与预测——2026年第四季度
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《金属季报》——基本金属、贵金属、铁矿石及钢铁的综合分析与预测——2026年第四季度

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2026年最后一个季度,宏观压力再度笼罩大宗商品市场。伊朗冲突推高了能源成本,并使货币政策前景变得更加复杂。这场冲突并未给避险资产带来普遍支撑,而是通过通胀预期、美元汇率和利率水平对各类金属的价格造成了差异化的冲击。就基本金属而言,供应瓶颈、交易所库存以及特定行业的需求正变得愈发关键;而贵金属则依然对美国货币政策前景高度敏感。在今年余下的时间里,这将继续加剧各类金属之间的走势分化。

铝 (Al)

铝价已从此前由冲突引发的上涨行情,转入一个有支撑的震荡区间。随着印尼供应的释放以及海湾地区产量的恢复,当前的短缺风险有所降低。不过,海湾地区的产量仍低于冲突前水平,能源成本依然高企,且现货缓冲库存依然偏紧。我们预计到年底前铝价将维持在 3000 美元/吨左右;在基准情境下,下行空间有限。但若再次出现供应中断,则可能风险溢价重现。

铜 (Cu)

铜价仍受到多重因素支撑:关税政策导致库存向美国集中,美国以外地区供应紧张,且矿山及精矿供应较为脆弱。精炼铜产量稳定且存在小幅过剩,这应会避免价格持续大幅上涨;但由于供应偏紧,价格仍有支撑。我们维持年底前温和看涨的观点,上方阻力位在 14830 美元/吨左右;供应中断才是价格突破的直接催化剂。

铅 (Pb)

铅价整体维持震荡走势。全球小幅供应过剩,但库存流动和区域性供应紧张还是引发价格波动。目前的大量基金空头头寸,与可交割库存(live warrants)持续下降,为“空头回补”引发的反弹留下了空间;不过库存下降尚不足以构成持续性的短缺。预计支撑位在 1800 美元/吨附近,阻力位在 2000 美元/吨左右。只有库存持续流出,才会导致近月价差转为“现货溢价”(backwardation)。

镍 (Ni)

镍价近期在震荡区间的下沿企稳,镍生铁(NPI)与镍铁及中间品的高成本的为价格提供支撑。来自印尼的矿石和成品供应充足,加上库存充裕以及不锈钢需求疲软,限制了镍价的反弹空间。预计第四季度镍价将维持震荡,支撑位在 15000☆15500 美元/吨区间;若要实现持续上涨并突破 17000 美元/吨,则需要印尼方面明确且持续地削减产量。

锡 (Sn)

锡的现货基本面依然向好。伦敦金属交易所(LME)和上海期货交易所(SHFE)库存下降,近月价差呈现“现货溢价”(backwardation),加上中国国内冶炼环节面临暂时性限制,这些因素都支撑了锡价。预计价格将继续波动,支撑位在 50000 美元/吨;若要进一步上涨,则需要库存持续消耗与现货溢价状态持续,或出现新的供应中断。

锌 (Zn)

锌精矿短缺加剧与加工费(TC)处于历史低位,以及伦敦市场现货供应再度趋紧,使锌价持续获得支撑。随着仓单注销数量增加,近端价差(near-by spreads)面临进一步收窄的压力。我们预计,到年底前锌价将维持高位,但波动性较大;下方支撑位在 3,500 美元/吨左右,上方阻力位在 4,000 美元/吨附近。

铁矿石与钢铁

铁矿石价格持续承压。一方面,进口量保持韧性且港口库存不断上升;另一方面,中国钢铁产量收缩与钢厂利润微薄,房地产需求也较为疲软。针对性的刺激政策或许能缓解经济放缓的态势,但难以将其扭转;季节性的补库需求则可能暂时延缓价格的跌势。我们对第四季度持看空态度,预计成本端在 90 美元/吨附近有较强支撑,而价格反弹空间可能受限于 100 美元/吨左右。

黄金 (Au)

黄金持续承压。高企的油价加剧了通胀担忧,进而支撑了美国国债收益率和美元汇率。央行和交易所交易基金(ETF)的买盘应能缓解金价的回调压力,但在美联储紧缩周期走向明朗之前,金价很难实现持续回升。预计 12 月前金价仍将面临下行风险,下方支撑位在 3,900 美元/盎司左右;此后有望逐步回升,到 1 月中旬或可达到 4,200-4,300 美元/盎司。

白银 (Ag)

白银持续承压。由于白银对美国利率更为敏感,货币政策收紧对其影响更为显著。光伏领域需求走软削弱了实物层面的支撑,但投机头寸较轻以及库存受限,应能限制其进一步下跌。我们预计,白银在 50至53 美元/盎司附近将获得支撑;随着美联储紧缩周期接近尾声,到 1 月中旬白银有望回升至 57至60 美元/盎司区间。

铂金 (Pt) 和钯金(Pd)

受美国高利率和投资需求疲软的影响,铂族金属持续承压。我们预计铂金的表现将优于钯金,得益于其更稳固的基本面;而汽车催化剂需求下滑则持续拖累钯金。到 1 月中旬,铂金价格有望回升至 1,700至1,800 美元/盎司;钯金表现则相对较弱,回升空间或仅限于 1,150至1,250 美元/盎司左右。

查看完整的英文金属报告

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